l1. inux声音自动关掉
  修改/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
  添加: blacklist pcspkr
  重启生效，不想重启就直接删除蜂鸣器模块: rmmod pcspkr
  
  1>shell报警声
      #vi /etc/inputrc 
　　# do not bell on tab-completion 
　　set bell-style visible
  2>gdm登录报警
      #vi /etc/gdm/custom.conf 
　　[greeter] 
　　Browser=true 
　　SoundOnLogin=false 
  3. >vim
    :set noeb # 命令（其中 noeb 是 noerrorbells 的缩写），这样当错误发生的时候将不会发出 bi 的一声
    :set vb  #命令（其中 vb 是 visualbell 的缩写），代替 bell 的将是屏幕的闪烁。
    :set vb t_vb=  #命令，这下 vi 的出错发声就彻底被禁止了
2. 挂载ntfs
  ntfs
  Linux kernel NTFS driver, provides read-only access.
  Available in mainline kernels.
  # mount -t ntfs /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows
  ntfs-3g
  Userspace NTFS driver via FUSE, provides read and write access.
  Based on, and a major improvement to ntfsmount (see next item) and libntfs.
  Available in the ntfs-3g package.
  # mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows
  ntfsmount
  Userspace NTFS driver via FUSE, provides read and write access.
  Available in the ntfsprogs package.
  # ntfsmount /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows
  /etc/fstab 实现自动加载
  ntfs： 
  /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows ntfs ro,user,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=0222,fmask=0333 0 0
  ntfs-3g :
  /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows ntfs-3g rw,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=0002,fmask=0003 0 0
  ntfsmount :
  /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows ntfs-fuse defaults 0 0
3. 虚拟终端显示输入中文：

	不对 $: echo LANG=zh_CN.utf8; export LANG
	直接 en_US.UTF-8就能正常显示了
	
4. windows共享
  sudo aptitude install cifs-utils
  mount.cifs target mount_point -o option
  windows共享要启动 clipbook服务， 
  如果启动clipbook服务时，在本地计算机 无法启动 Clipbook服务。
  错误1068:依存服务或组无法启动， 
  是要先启动NETWORK DDE DSDM
  再启动 NETWORK DDE
  然后再启动clipbook才可以。
  当windows查看其他windows共享时出现： 登陆失败 用户账户限制
  首先执行“开始→动行”命令，输入“gpeditmsc”后回车打开“组策略”控制器，然后
  依次展开“本地计算机策略→计算机配置→Windows设置→安全设置→本地策略→安全
  选项”，在右侧窗口中找到“账户：使用空白密码的本地账户只允许进行控制台登
  录”，我们可以看到其系统默认值是“已启用”，将它修改成“已禁用”。
  当出现 ： mount error 5 = Input/output error
            Refer to the mount.cifs(8) manual page (e.g.man mount.cifs)
   可用上方法解决。
   
   sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.1.5/bmdru2 /home/wust/workspace/bmdru2/ 
   -o user=iori,iocharset=utf8,codepage=cp936,uid=1000,gid=1000，umask=
   此状态下 win下和linux下创建中文名，都能正常识别。

** UUID and Partitions
    How do I find out UUID for /dev/sdb2?
    To probe filesystem type and read label and uuid for /dev/sdb2 (or any other
     device) use vol_id command:
    # vol_id --uuid {/dev/device}
    # vol_id --uuid /dev/sdb2
    $ sudo vol_id --uuid /dev/sdb2
    List all UUIDs
    Use blkid command-line utility to locate/print block device attributes:
    $ sudo blkid
    Sample output:
    /dev/sda1: TYPE="ntfs" UUID="A0F0582EF0580CC2"
    /dev/sda2: UUID="8c2da865-13f4-47a2-9c92-2f31738469e8" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
    /dev/sda3: TYPE="swap" UUID="5641913f-9bcc-4d8a-8bcb-ddfc3159e70f"
    改变了 fstab后，用mount -a来重新挂载就行。
** 关于goagent下chrome无法访问gplus, youtube等
	主要是证书没有正确导入，用chrome导入 /local/ca.crt证书时，要导入到 Authorities中。
	Trust this certificate for identifying websites.
	Trust this certificate for identifying email users.
	Trust this certificate for identifying software makers.
	这三项都要勾选，才行。
	如果出现： 
	Certification Authority Import Error
	The file contained one certificate, which was not imported:
	GoAgent CA: Certificate already exists.	
	删除 goagent CA, 再重导入。
**	当要一功能时，不知道要用什么程序时，可以用
	aptitude search key 来获取相应的程序
＊＊ gcc常用的选项
	-Wall  pretty much turns on the warnings that are very likely to be errors.
	-std=XXX
	-g generate debug info
**	gdb 调试
		You can run gdb with no arguments or options; but the most usual way to
       start GDB is with one argument or two, specifying an executable program
       as the argument:
       gdb program
       You can also start with both an executable  program  and  a  core  file
       specified:
       gdb program core
       You  can,  instead,  specify  a process ID as a second argument, if you
       want to debug a running process:
       gdb program 1234
       would attach GDB to process 1234 (unless you also  have  a  file  named
       `1234'; GDB does check for a core file first).

       Here are some of the most frequently needed GDB commands:
       break [file:]function  Set a breakpoint at function (in file).
       run [arglist] Start your program (with arglist, if specified).
       bt     Backtrace: display the program stack.
       print expr  Display the value of an expression.
       c      Continue  running your program (after stopping, e.g. at a break point).
       next   Execute next program line (after stopping); step over any  function calls in the line.
       edit [file:]function look at the program line where it is presently stopped.
       list [file:]function type  the  text  of  the  program in the vicinity of where it is presently stopped.
       step   Execute next program line (after stopping); step into any  function calls in the line.
       help [name] Show  information about GDB command name, or general information about using GDB.
       quit   Exit from GDB.
	   printf "format string", arg1, arg2, arg3
	   info  Generic command for showing things about program being debuged
	   show info about debugger
	   finish return from current function call