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<meta name="Description" content="Naming and shaming GPS vendors for especially botched designs">
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<meta name="Author" content="Eric S. Raymond">
<meta name="Revised" content="21 September 2022">
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<p>The GPS world is full of shoddy, poorly-documented designs. All
too many devices have behaviors that drive the harried maintainers of
<code>gpsd</code> to shake their heads and mutter <q>What were they
<em>thinking</em>?</q></p>
<p>This page goes beyond the merely ordinary and commemorates the
really <em>special</em> blunders — bugs and design errors so
consummately brain-dead that the only possible responses are either
rage or helpless laughter.</p>
<p>By naming and shaming the vendors who perpetrated these egregious
blunders, we hope to exert some pressure for higher quality standards
in the future.</p>
<p>Your contributions are welcome. If you're describing a firmware
bug, it's best if you can identify the firmware version or range of
versions it applies to.</p>
<h2>NMEA violations</h2>
<p>These are the screwups that lead us to wonder if the GPS chipset
vendors ever read the NMEA documentation.</p>
<ul>
<li><p>When Qualcomm bought SiRF, they stopped releasing any documentation,
and started get creative with their interpretations of NMEA. Thenm starting
adding new protocols.</p></li>
<li><p>The QUalcomm SiRF-TriG, Furuno GT-88, Navlor CH-4701, and Quectel
EG25-G, all emit broken $xxGSA sentences. Each broken in different ways.
</p></li>
<li><p>The Quectel-chipsets implement "Querky" interpretations of the
NMEA protocol. *gpsd* tries to implement workarounds when possiblem
but it would be far better is Quectel developers read the NMEA
protocol documentation.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2>Implementation blunders</h2>
<p>These are the screwups that lead us to wonder if the GPS chipset
vendors ever actually test their hardware.</p>
<ul>
<li><p>The iTalk protocol from Fastrax Inc. sometimes emits well-formed,
checksummed binary packets in which the length is incorrect. If you
trust it and read the number of bytes it tells you to, you'll land in
the middle of the next packet.</p></li>
<li><p>Wintec has modified the firmware on the WBT200 (and probably the
WBT100 as well) to disable iTalk support, thus making more room in the
flash memory for logging. This wouldn't be a problem if they had also
disabled the protocol switch command. Users attempting to switch their
Wintec receivers to iTalk will find their receiver is left in limbo;
not emitting iTalk, and unable to switch back to NMEA either. A hard
reset by removing all power sources (including onboard battery backup)
is the only way to get the receiver to communicate again.</p></li>
<li><p>Some Garmin chips issue a bogus length field, too. This from the
outfit that likes to tout itself as the industry leader!</p></li>
<li><p>The SiRF-IV chipset has a tendency to freeze when switched from
binary to NMEA mode (powering it off unjams it). This is some kind of
race condition in the firmware that cannot be fixed by waiting on
command ACKs; we have tried that.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2>Documentation blunders</h2>
<p>The best evidence that the GPS industry is run by morons is the
quality (or, rather, utter <em>lack</em> of quality) of their chipset
documentation. You would think they'd have figured out by now that
good and readily available documentation, making it easy for others to
interface to their hardware, will sell more hardware. But no; most
vendors make documentation difficult to get, and it tends to be both
incomplete and vague when you get it. A few vendors go above and
beyond the normal stupidity...</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Some versions of the SiRF protocol manual, including 1.4, describe the
data widths in the time portion of the Geodetic Navigation Information
packet incorrectly. If you trust them, you will extract garbage from
good packets.</p></li>
<li><p>Qualcomm makes <em>no</em> documentation available on the Sirfstar V
GNSS.</p></li>
<li><p>The Garmin GPS chipset issues a number of important messages
that Garmin has <em>explicitly refused</em> to document.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2>Design blunders</h2>
<p>GPS chipset vendors love their proprietary binary protocols. There
is some excuse for this, given that the industry <q>standard</q> NMEA
0183 grew by a series of kluges and accretions and would probably have
turned out better if it had been designed by chimpanzees on crack
— but you'd think the vendors would at least make sure that
their binary protocols are a functional superset of NMEA. But no; in
the laugh-one-minute, puke-the-next world of GPS chipsets, it ain't
so...</p>
<ul>
<li><p>SiRF binary mode delivers HDOP but not PDOP or VDOP. SiRFs in
NMEA mode deliver all three.</p></li>
<li><p>EverMore NMEA delivers UTC time. EverMore binary protocol delivers
only GPS time, which has a time-varying offset from UTC — and no
way to query the offset.</p></li>
</ul>
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