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<hr/><h1>Duktape</h1>
<p>Duktape is an <b>embeddable Javascript</b> engine,
with a focus on <b>portability</b> and compact <b>footprint</b>.</p>
<p>Duktape is easy to integrate into a C/C++ project: add <code>duktape.c</code>,
<code>duktape.h</code>, and <code>duk_config.h</code> to your build, and use the
Duktape API to call Ecmascript functions from C code and vice versa.</p>
<script>
// <![CDATA[
+function duktapeTest() {
    var _isDuktape = false;
    try {
        noSuchVariable.foo = 123;
    } catch (e) {
        if (typeof e.stack === 'string' && (e.stack.indexOf('duk_js_var') >= 0 || e.stack.indexOf('dukky') >= 0)) {
            _isDuktape = true;
        }
    }
    try {
        var _isNetSurf = (typeof navigator === 'object' &&
                          typeof navigator.userAgent === 'string' &&
                          navigator.userAgent.indexOf('NetSurf') >= 0);
        if (_isNetSurf && _isDuktape) {
            document.write('<p><b>Congratulations, you\'re using Duktape on NetSurf!</b></p>');
        }
    } catch (e) {
        //alert(e);
    }
}();
// ]]>
</script>
<hr/><h1>Main features</h1>
<ul>
<li>Embeddable, portable, compact:
    can run on platforms with 192kB flash and 64kB system RAM</li>
<li><a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/">Ecmascript E5/E5.1</a>,
    with some semantics updated from ES2015+</li>
<li>Partial support for
    <a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/index.html">Ecmascript 2015 (E6)</a> and
    <a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/index.html">Ecmascript 2016 (E7)</a>, see
    <a href="http://wiki.duktape.org/PostEs5Features.html">Post-ES5 feature status</a>
</li>
<li>ES2015 <a href="https://www.khronos.org/registry/typedarray/specs/latest/">TypedArray</a>
    and <a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/v6.9.1/api/buffer.html">Node.js Buffer</a> bindings</li>
<li><a href="https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#api">Encoding API</a> bindings based on the WHATWG Encoding Living Standard</li>
<li>Built-in debugger</li>
<li>Built-in regular expression engine</li>
<li>Built-in Unicode support</li>
<li>Minimal, retargetable platform dependencies</li>
<li>Combined reference counting and mark-and-sweep garbage collection
    with finalization</li>
<li>Coroutines</li>
<li>Property virtualization using a subset of Ecmascript E6 Proxy object</li>
<li>Bytecode dump/load for caching compiled functions</li>
<li>Distributable includes an optional logging framework, CommonJS-based module
    loading implementations, etc</li>
<li>Liberal license (MIT)</li>
</ul>
<hr/><h1>Code and RAM footprint</h1>
<table>
<tr><td> </td><td>x86 default</td><td>x86 lowmem</td><td>x86 full lowmem</td></tr>
<tr><td>Code</td><td>170kB</td><td>150kB</td><td>200kB</td></tr>
<tr><td>Startup RAM</td><td>68kB</td><td>35kB</td><td>2.3kB</td></tr>
</table>
<p>See <a href="https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/blob/master/doc/low-memory.rst#optimizing-code-footprint">GCC options</a>
for minimizing code footprint.  Full <a href="https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/blob/master/doc/low-memory.rst">lowmem</a>
uses "pointer compression" and ROM-based strings/objects.  ROM-based strings/objects can
also be used without other low memory options.</p>
<hr/><h1>Current status</h1>
<ul>
<li>Stable</li>
</ul>
<hr/><h1>Support</h1>
<ul>
<li>Duktape Wiki: <a href="http://wiki.duktape.org">wiki.duktape.org</a></li>
<li>User community Q&amp;A: Stack Overflow <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/duktape">duktape</a> tag</li>
<li>Bugs and feature requests: <a href="https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/issues">GitHub issues</a></li>
<li>General discussion: IRC <code>#duktape</code> on <code>chat.freenode.net</code> (<a href="https://webchat.freenode.net/">webchat</a>)</li>
</ul>
<hr/><h1>Some projects using Duktape</h1>
<p>See: <a href="http://wiki.duktape.org/ProjectsUsingDuktape.html">Projects using Duktape</a>.</p>
<p>If you're using Duktape in your project, send an e-mail or open a GitHub
issue to be added to the list.</p>
<hr/><h1>Similar engines</h1>
<p>There are multiple Javascript engines targeting similar use cases as Duktape, at least:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/espruino/Espruino">Espruino</a> (MPL v2.0)</li>
<li><a href="http://samsung.github.io/jerryscript/">JerryScript</a> (Apache License v2.0)</li>
<li><a href="http://mujs.com/">MuJS</a> (Affero GPL)</li>
<li><a href="https://code.google.com/p/quad-wheel/">quad-wheel</a> (MIT License)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/gfwilliams/tiny-js">tiny-js</a> (MIT license)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/cesanta/v7">v7</a> (GPL v2.0)</li>
</ul>
<p>Also see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ECMAScript_engines">List of ECMAScript engines</a>.</p>
</div><!-- front-blurp --><div id="front-steps">
<hr/><h1><span class="step">1</span> Add to build</h1>
<p>(See <a href="guide.html#gettingstarted">Getting started</a> for a more
detailed introduction.)</p>
<p>Add Duktape C source and header to your build.  Any build system can
be used.  The distributable contains an example Makefile for reference.
In the simplest case:</p>
<pre>
$ gcc -std=c99 -otest test.c duktape.c -lm
$ ./test
<span class="index-shell-output">1+2=3</span>
</pre>
<p>To <a href="http://wiki.duktape.org/Configuring.html">customize Duktape configuration</a>,
here to disable Ecmascript 6 <code>Proxy</code> object support:</p>
<pre>
$ python2 duktape-2.0.0/tools/configure.py --output-directory src-duktape \
      -UDUK_USE_ES6_PROXY
$ ls src-duktape/
<span class="index-shell-output">duk_config.h  duk_source_meta.json  duktape.c  duktape.h</span>
$ gcc -std=c99 -otest -Isrc-duktape \
      test.c src-duktape/duktape.c -lm
$ ./test
<span class="index-shell-output">1+2=3</span>
</pre>
<hr/><h1><span class="step">2</span> Initialize a context</h1>
<p>Initialize and use Duktape somewhere in your program:</p>
<pre class="c-code"><span class="comment">/* test.c */</span>
<span class="preproc">#include</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>
<span class="preproc">#include</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="string">"duktape.h"</span>

<span class="type">int</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="function">main</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="type">int</span><span class="normal"> argc</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="type">char</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="symbol">*</span><span class="normal">argv</span><span class="symbol">[])</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="cbracket">{</span>
<span class="normal">  </span><span class="usertype">duk_context</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="symbol">*</span><span class="normal">ctx </span><span class="symbol">=</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="function">duk_create_heap_default</span><span class="symbol">();</span>
<span class="normal">  </span><span class="function">duk_eval_string</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="string">"1+2"</span><span class="symbol">);</span>
<span class="normal">  </span><span class="function">printf</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="string">"1+2=%d</span><span class="specialchar">\n</span><span class="string">"</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="type">int</span><span class="symbol">)</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="function">duk_get_int</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="symbol">-</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="symbol">));</span>
<span class="normal">  </span><span class="function">duk_destroy_heap</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">);</span>
<span class="normal">  </span><span class="keyword">return</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="number">0</span><span class="symbol">;</span>
<span class="cbracket">}</span>
</pre>
<hr/><h1><span class="step">3</span> Add C function bindings</h1>
<p>To call a C function from Ecmascript code, first declare your
C functions:</p>
<pre class="c-code"><span class="comment">/* Being an embeddable engine, Duktape doesn't provide I/O</span>
<span class="comment"> * bindings by default.  Here's a simple one argument print()</span>
<span class="comment"> * function.</span>
<span class="comment"> */</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="usertype">duk_ret_t</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="function">native_print</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="usertype">duk_context</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="symbol">*</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">)</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="cbracket">{</span>
<span class="normal">  </span><span class="function">printf</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="string">"%s</span><span class="specialchar">\n</span><span class="string">"</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="function">duk_to_string</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="number">0</span><span class="symbol">));</span>
<span class="normal">  </span><span class="keyword">return</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="number">0</span><span class="symbol">;</span><span class="normal">  </span><span class="comment">/* no return value (= undefined) */</span>
<span class="cbracket">}</span>

<span class="comment">/* Adder: add argument values. */</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="usertype">duk_ret_t</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="function">native_adder</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="usertype">duk_context</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="symbol">*</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">)</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="cbracket">{</span>
<span class="normal">  </span><span class="type">int</span><span class="normal"> i</span><span class="symbol">;</span>
<span class="normal">  </span><span class="type">int</span><span class="normal"> n </span><span class="symbol">=</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="function">duk_get_top</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">);</span><span class="normal">  </span><span class="comment">/* #args */</span>
<span class="normal">  </span><span class="type">double</span><span class="normal"> res </span><span class="symbol">=</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="number">0.0</span><span class="symbol">;</span>

<span class="normal">  </span><span class="keyword">for</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="normal">i </span><span class="symbol">=</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="number">0</span><span class="symbol">;</span><span class="normal"> i </span><span class="symbol">&lt;</span><span class="normal"> n</span><span class="symbol">;</span><span class="normal"> i</span><span class="symbol">++)</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="cbracket">{</span>
<span class="normal">    res </span><span class="symbol">+=</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="function">duk_to_number</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> i</span><span class="symbol">);</span>
<span class="normal">  </span><span class="cbracket">}</span>

<span class="normal">  </span><span class="function">duk_push_number</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> res</span><span class="symbol">);</span>
<span class="normal">  </span><span class="keyword">return</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="number">1</span><span class="symbol">;</span><span class="normal">  </span><span class="comment">/* one return value */</span>
<span class="cbracket">}</span>
</pre>
<p>Register your functions e.g. into the global object:</p>
<pre class="c-code"><span class="function">duk_push_c_function</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> native_print</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="number">1</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="comment">/*nargs*/</span><span class="symbol">);</span>
<span class="function">duk_put_global_string</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="string">"print"</span><span class="symbol">);</span>
<span class="function">duk_push_c_function</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> native_adder</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> DUK_VARARGS</span><span class="symbol">);</span>
<span class="function">duk_put_global_string</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="string">"adder"</span><span class="symbol">);</span>
</pre>
<p>You can then call your function from Ecmascript code:</p>
<pre class="c-code"><span class="function">duk_eval_string_noresult</span><span class="symbol">(</span><span class="normal">ctx</span><span class="symbol">,</span><span class="normal"> </span><span class="string">"print('2+3=' + adder(2, 3));"</span><span class="symbol">);</span>
</pre>
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<p>Duktape is (C) by its <a href="https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/blob/master/AUTHORS.rst">authors</a>
and licensed under the <a href="https://github.com/svaarala/duktape/blob/master/LICENSE.txt">MIT license</a>.</p>
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